Fundamental principles
Your Rights and Freedoms
Britain has a long history of protecting individual rights. These rights go back to Magna Carta (1215), the Habeas Corpus Act, and the Bill of Rights (1689). Today they are protected by the Human Rights Act 1998.
Your Rights Include
Right to life, prohibition of torture and slavery, right to liberty and security, right to a fair trial, freedom of thought and religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly.
Equal Opportunities
The Equality Act 2010 protects you from discrimination based on age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage, pregnancy, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation.
Important Laws
Domestic violence, female genital mutilation (FGM), and forced marriage are all serious criminal offences in the UK.
Taxation
Taxes pay for public services like the NHS, schools, roads, and defence.
Income Tax
Taken from your wages, pension, and some benefits. Most people have tax deducted automatically (PAYE).
National Insurance
Paid by employees and employers. Goes towards the state pension, NHS, and benefits like maternity pay.
National Insurance Number
You need a National Insurance (NI) number to work or claim benefits in the UK. You can apply through the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).
Driving
Driving Licence
Apply for a provisional licence at age 17. Then pass theory and practical tests.
MOT Test
Cars over 3 years old must pass an annual MOT test.
Insurance
Third-party insurance is the legal minimum. Driving without insurance is a serious offence.
Road Safety
Strict drink-driving limits. Seatbelts must be worn. Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is illegal.
Driving Rules
Drive on the LEFT. Speed limits: 30 mph in built-up areas, 60 mph on single carriageways, 70 mph on dual carriageways and motorways.
Getting Help with Tax
You can get help from HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) at www.gov.uk/hmrc, Citizens Advice, or a tax adviser.