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Section 4

Respecting the law

1. The British constitution 2. The government 3. The UK and international institutions 4. Respecting the law 5. Fundamental principles 6. Your role in the community 7. The development of British democracy

The Law Applies to Everyone

Knowing and obeying the law is one of the most important responsibilities of living in the UK. Every person receives equal treatment under the law, no matter who they are.

Lady Justice

Two Types of Law

UK law is divided into criminal law (crimes investigated by police and punished by courts) and civil law (disputes between people or organisations).

Criminal Laws You Must Know

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Weapons

Carrying any weapon (including for self-defence) is illegal.

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Drugs

Selling, buying, or possessing drugs like heroin, cocaine, ecstasy, and cannabis is illegal.

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Driving

You must have a licence, insurance, and an MOT. Drink-driving laws are strict.

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Racial Crime

Crimes motivated by hatred of someone's race, religion, or sexuality get tougher sentences.

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Domestic Violence

Physical or emotional abuse of a partner or family member is a serious crime.

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FGM & Forced Marriage

Female genital mutilation and forcing someone to marry are illegal.

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The Police

Police officers in the UK do not usually carry guns. Their duties include protecting life and property, preventing and investigating crime, and keeping the peace.

Police Accountability

If you are unhappy with the police, you can complain to the police force itself. The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) handles serious complaints.

Terrorism and Extremism

The UK takes terrorism very seriously. The CONTEST strategy has four parts: Pursue, Prevent, Protect, and Prepare.

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The Courts

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Magistrates' Court

Handles minor criminal cases (95% of all cases). Magistrates are unpaid volunteers.

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Crown Court

Serious criminal cases. Judge and jury decide. The jury is 12 ordinary people.

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Youth Court

For defendants aged 10-17. Focused on rehabilitation.

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County Court

Handles civil cases like debt, disputes, and small claims.

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High Court

Serious civil cases and appeals from lower courts.

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Supreme Court

The final court of appeal for the whole UK. Opened in 2009.

Jury Service

Every adult is expected to do jury service if called. The jury listens to evidence and decides guilt (in criminal cases).

Legal Help

  • Solicitors — give legal advice and represent you in lower courts
  • Barristers — specialist lawyers who argue cases in higher courts
  • Small Claims Court — informal way to settle disputes under £10,000
  • Legal Aid — government help with legal costs for those who qualify